During pregnancy, the body undergoes many changes. Hormonal fluctuations combined with less-than-ideal oral hygiene can lead to gum disease. Gum disease during pregnancy can affect the progression of the pregnancy, harm the foetus, or cause fertility complications. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to maintain excellent oral hygiene and visit Dr. Kaufman both before and during pregnancy to monitor your teeth and gums and receive treatment if necessary.
What Causes Gum Disease During Pregnancy?
Several factors contribute to periodontal disease development during pregnancy:
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Nausea and vomiting may make brushing difficult, reducing brushing effectiveness and accelerating gingivitis.
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Hormonal changes, especially in progesterone, directly impact inflammation and aid bacteria responsible for gum disease.
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Dietary changes can increase mouth sugar levels, providing bacteria with materials to adhere to teeth and proliferate.
Symptoms of Gum Disease During Pregnancy
Pregnancy gum disease often presents as swelling, redness, and bleeding during brushing. Some may also experience bad breath due to bacterial buildup. This condition may be a new onset of periodontal disease or worsening of existing gum disease. Both situations are influenced by pregnancy-related changes, highlighting the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene.
In severe cases, a bleeding lump called a “pregnancy tumor” may form on the gums. This is not a true tumor but an exaggerated inflammatory response to bacteria, causing pain and bleeding that can impair eating and speaking. Severe cases may require removal.
Impact of Gum Disease on Pregnancy
Beyond oral symptoms, gum disease bacteria and infection can cause serious complications during pregnancy. Bacteria from periodontal disease have been linked to systemic effects in conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis. Pregnant women with gum disease face increased risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and pre-eclampsia. For women planning pregnancy, gingivitis may delay conception by approximately two months. One hypothesis suggests that oral bacteria may travel to the reproductive system, interfering with fertility, conception, and pregnancy retention.
Please schedule an appointment with Dr. Kaufman for personalized advice on keeping your gums healthy during pregnancy.